Generic name: Omeprazole, Sodium bicarbonate
Brand names: Zegerid

Why is Zegerid prescribed?

Zegerid is used to treat intestinal ulcers (duodenal ulcers), stomach ulcers (gastric ulcers), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and erosive esophagitis. It contains omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, and sodium bicarbonate, an antacid, which alters stomach acid and thus improves the absorption of omeprazole.

Most important fact about Zegerid

Both the capsule and oral suspension forms of Zegerid should always be taken on an empty stomach, with water. Do not substitute any other food or liquid in the place of water.

How should you take Zegerid?

Zegerid should be taken with water on an empty stomach. Take it at least 1 hour before a meal. Do not use any other liquid than water.

Swallow the capsules whole; do not open the capsule and sprinkle on food. Zegerid oral suspension should be emptied into a small cup with 1-2 tablespoons of water. Stir well and drink. Refill the cup with water and drink the remainder.

• Storage instructions…
  Store both the capsules and oral suspension at room temperature.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, tell your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Zegerid.

• Side effects may include:
  Aching, back pain, constipation, cough, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, nausea, rash, upper respiratory infection, vomiting

Why should Zegerid not be prescribed?

Do not take Zegerid if you are allergic to any of its ingredients.

Special warnings about Zegerid

Tell your doctor about all prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medications you are taking before beginning treatment with Zegerid.

Also, talk to your doctor about your complete medical history, especially if you are on a sodium-restricted diet. Zegerid capsules contain 300 milligrams of sodium per dose in the form of sodium bicarbonate. Zegerid oral suspension contains 460 milligrams of sodium per dose in the form of sodium bicarbonate. This should be taken into consideration if you need to be on a sodium-restricted diet. In addition, sodium bicarbonate should not be used by people with metabolic alkalosis or hypocalcemia (low blood levels of calcium).

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Zegerid

If Zegerid is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Zegerid with the following:

Atazanavir
Diazepam
Other proton pump inhibitors
Phenytoin
Tacrolimus
Warfarin

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

The effects of Zegerid during pregnancy and breastfeeding are unknown. Talk with your doctor before taking Zegerid if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.

Recommended dosage for Zegerid

ADULTS

Benign Gastric Ulcer
The recommended dosage is 40 milligrams (mg) once daily for 4-8 weeks.

Erosive Esophagitis
The recommended dosage is 20 mg once daily for 4-8 weeks. To maintain healing of erosive esophagitis, the daily dose is 20 mg for as long as the doctor prescribes Zegerid.

Short-Term Treatment of Active Duodenal Ulcer
The recommended dosage is 20 mg once daily for 4 weeks.

Symptomatic GERD
The recommended dosage is 20 mg once daily for up to 4 weeks.

Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
The recommended initial dosage is 40 mg followed by another 40 mg 6-8 hours later, and 40 mg daily thereafter for 14 days.

Overdosage

Any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

• Symptoms of Zegerid overdose may include:
  Blurry vision, confusion, drowsiness, dry mouth, flushing, headache, nausea, rapid heartbeat, sweating, vomiting

Generic name: Ranitidine hydrochloride
Brand names: Zantac

Why is Zantac prescribed?

Zantac is used to decrease the production of stomach acid, which may reduce irritation to the stomach lining and help heal ulcers and other gastrointestinal conditions. It’s prescribed for the following:

• Short-term treatment (4 to 8 weeks) of active ulcers, specifically duodenal ulcers or benign stomach ulcers (also called gastric ulcers).
• Maintenance therapy (at a reduced dosage) to help keep the ulcer from coming back after it has healed.
• Treatment of conditions in which the stomach produces too much acid, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and systemic mastocytosis.
• Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (also known as GERD, which occurs when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus).
• Treating and maintaining healing of erosive esophagitis (severe inflammation of the esophagus).

Two over-the-counter versions, Zantac 75 and Zantac 150, are also available for relieving and preventing heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach. However, the prescription version is still needed for treatment of ulcers, esophagitis, GERD, and other conditions that require monitoring by a doctor.

Most important fact about Zantac

Zantac helps to prevent the recurrence of gastric or duodenal ulcers and aids the healing of ulcers that do occur.

How should you take Zantac?

Take Zantac exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Make sure you follow the diet your doctor recommends.

Dissolve effervescent tablets and granules in 6 to 8 ounces of water before taking them.

You can take an antacid for pain while you are taking Zantac.

• If you miss a dose…
  Take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and go back to your regular schedule. Never take 2 doses at the same time.

• Storage instructions…
  Store Zantac at room temperature in the container it came in, tightly closed and away from moist places and direct light. Keep Zantac syrup from freezing.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Zantac.

• Side effects may include:
  Headache, sometimes severe

Why should Zantac not be prescribed?

If you are sensitive to or have ever had an allergic reaction to Zantac or similar drugs, you should not take Zantac. Make sure that your doctor is aware of any drug reactions that you have experienced.

Special warnings about Zantac

A stomach malignancy could be present, even if your symptoms have been relieved by Zantac.

If you have kidney or liver disease, Zantac should be used with caution.

If you have phenylketonuria, you should be aware that the effervescent tablets and granules contain phenylalanine.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Zantac

If Zantac is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Zantac with the following:

Alcohol
Blood-thinning drugs
Diazepam
Diltiazem
Enoxacin
Glipizide
Glyburide
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Metformin
Nifedipine
Phenytoin
Procainamide
Sucralfate
Theophylline
Triazolam

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

The effects of Zantac in pregnancy have not been adequately studied. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, inform your doctor immediately. Zantac appears in breast milk and could affect a nursing infant. If Zantac is essential to your health, your doctor may advise you to discontinue breastfeeding until your treatment with Zantac is finished.

Recommended dosage for Zantac

ADULTS

Active Duodenal Ulcer

The usual starting dose is 150 milligrams 2 times a day or 10 milliliters (2 teaspoonfuls) 2 times a day. Your doctor also might prescribe 300 milligrams or 20 milliliters (4 teaspoonfuls) once a day, after the evening meal or at bedtime, if necessary for your convenience. The dose should be the lowest effective dose. Long-term use should be reduced to a daily total of 150 milligrams or 10 milliliters (2 teaspoonfuls), taken at bedtime.

Other Excess Acid Conditions (such as Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)

The usual dose is 150 milligrams or 10 milliliters (2 teaspoonfuls) 2 times a day. This dose can be adjusted upwards by your doctor.

Benign Gastric Ulcer and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

The usual dose is 150 milligrams or 10 milliliters (2 teaspoonfuls) 2 times a day. Once an ulcer has cleared up, a single bedtime dose is prescribed to maintain healing. Symptoms of GERD generally improve within 24 hours after the start of therapy.

Erosive Esophagitis

The usual dose is 150 milligrams or 10 milliliters (2 teaspoonfuls) 4 times a day. Maintenance dosage is 150 milligrams or 10 milliliters (2 teaspoonfuls) twice a day.

CHILDREN

Duodenal and Gastric Ulcers

For children 1 month to 16 years of age, the recommended dosage for initial treatment is 2 to 4 milligrams per 2.2 pounds of body weight per day twice daily up to a maximum of 300 milligrams per day. For long-term maintenance of healing, the recommendation is 2 to 4 milligrams per 2.2 pounds of body weight once daily up to a maximum of 150 milligrams per day.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Erosive Esophagitis

For children 1 month to 16 years of age, the usual daily dosage is 5 to 10 milligrams per 2.2 pounds of body weight, divided into two doses.

OLDER ADULTS

People with kidney problems, such as some older adults, typically are given a lower dose. During the therapy with Zantac, the doctor is also more likely to monitor your kidney function if you’re over 65.

ZANTAC 75 AND ZANTAC 150

Do not give Zantac 75 or Zantac 150 to children under 12 years old unless your doctor approves. Swallow tablets with a glass of water. Do not take more than 2 tablets a day or take them for longer than 2 weeks unless your doctor approves.

For Prevention of Heartburn Symptoms

Take 1 tablet with a glass of water 30 to 60 minutes before eating food or drinking beverages that could cause heartburn.

For Relief of Heartburn Symptoms

Take 1 tablet with a glass of water.

Overdosage

Any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

Information concerning Zantac overdosage is limited. However, an abnormal manner of walking, low blood pressure, and exaggerated side effect symptoms may be signs of an overdose.

If you experience any of these symptoms, notify your doctor immediately.

Generic name: Tizanidine
Brand names: Zanaflex

Why is Zanaflex prescribed?

Zanaflex relaxes the tense, rigid muscles caused by spasticity. It is prescribed for people with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, and other disorders that produce protracted muscles spasms. The effect of the drug peaks 1 to 2 hours after each dose and is gone within 3 to 6 hours, so it’s best to schedule doses for shortly before the daily activities when relief of spasticity is most important.

Most important fact about Zanaflex

Zanaflex causes drowsiness in almost half the people who use it. It also tends to reduce blood pressure in many people, frequently leading to dizziness and light-headedness. The likelihood of significant drowsiness increases when Zanaflex is combined with other spasticity drugs. When taking Zanaflex, always be cautious about driving or operating dangerous machinery.

How should you take Zanaflex?

Take Zanaflex exactly as directed. The danger of side effects increases with the size of the dose.

• If you miss a dose…
  Doses should be taken only as needed. Allow 6 to 8 hours between doses. Take no more than 3 a day. Never double the dose.

• Storage instructions…
  Store at room temperature.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, tell your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe to continue using Zanaflex.

• Side effects may include:
  Abnormal movements, blurred vision, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, flu-like symptoms, frequent urination, low blood pressure, nervousness, runny nose, slow heartbeat, sore throat, speech disorders, urinary and other infections, vomiting, weakness or fatigue

Why should Zanaflex not be prescribed?

You’ll need to avoid Zanaflex if it gives you an allergic reaction.

Special warnings about Zanaflex

Researchers have little information on the long-term consequences of using Zanaflex in single doses of more than 8 milligrams, or in total amounts of more than 24 milligrams a day. If you require a higher dosage, previously unrecognized side effects could possibly appear.

Remember that Zanaflex can cause low blood pressure and should be used with caution if you are taking blood pressure medication. Be cautious, too, when first standing up. Dizziness and light-headedness are especially likely at that time.

Zanaflex has been known to cause liver injury in a few patients. If you have a liver condition, make sure the doctor knows about it. Alert your doctor immediately if you develop warning signs of a liver problem such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, or yellow skin or eyes.

You’ll need a reduced dose of Zanaflex if you have a kidney problem. Be sure to inform the doctor about your condition, and be quick to report side effects such as dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, and weakness. They could be signs that your dose is too high.

Use Zanaflex with caution if spasticity helps you maintain your posture and balance while walking, or helps to increase other functions.

Although there are no reports of eye damage from Zanaflex, it has occurred in animal tests. Be sure to report any vision problems to your doctor.

Zanaflex has not been tested in children.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Zanaflex

Oral contraceptives tend to boost the amount of Zanaflex in the system. If you are using an oral contraceptive, you’ll probably need a smaller dose of Zanaflex.

Alcohol, or any drug that slows the nervous system (including other drugs taken for spasticity), increases the likelihood of drowsiness when taken with Zanaflex.

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

The effects of Zanaflex during pregnancy have not been adequately studied. It should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

It’s likely that Zanaflex makes its way into breast milk, although this has not been confirmed. Check with your doctor before using Zanaflex while nursing.

Recommended dosage for Zanaflex

ADULTS

To minimize side effects, the doctor is likely to begin with a dosage of 4 milligrams, then increase the dose gradually. Doses of 8 milligrams provide relief for most people. No more than 3 doses should be taken each 24 hours. The maximum dose per day is 36 milligrams.

Overdosage

An overdose of Zanaflex can impair breathing and lead to coma. If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency treatment immediately.

Generic name: Levalbuterol hydrochloride
Brand names: Xopenex

Why is Xopenex prescribed?

Xopenex is a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing the muscles in the walls of the lungs’ many tiny airways (bronchioles), allowing them to expand so you can get more air. It is prescribed for asthma.

Most important fact about Xopenex

If your prescribed dosage of Xopenex does not provide relief, or your symptoms become worse, consult your doctor immediately.

How should you take Xopenex?

Do not use more Xopenex than prescribed. Increasing the number of doses can be dangerous and may actually make your asthma worse.

Xopenex should be taken only with an inhalation device called a nebulizer. Do not add any other drugs to the nebulizer without first asking your doctor.

• If you miss a dose…
  Take the forgotten dose as soon as you remember; then take any remaining doses for that day at equally spaced intervals. Never take a double dose.

• Storage instructions…
  Store unopened vials of Xopenex inhalation solution in their protective foil pouch at room temperature, away from light and excessive heat. Once the foil pouch has been opened, the vials should be used within 1 to 2 weeks. Once a vial has been opened, the contents should be used immediately or discarded. The solution should be colorless. If not, throw the vial out.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Xopenex.

• Side effects may include:
  Chest pain, cough, flu symptoms, hives, increased asthma symptoms, irregular heartbeat, nausea, nervousness, rash, runny nose, shortness of breath, sinus inflammation, tremors, viral infection

• Side effects in children may include:
  Diarrhea, fever, headache, hives, increased asthma symptoms, muscle pain, rash, runny nose, sore throat, swollen glands, viral infection, weakness

Why should Xopenex not be prescribed?

If Xopenex gives you an allergic reaction, you will not be able to use it.

Special warnings about Xopenex

There is a slight chance of developing an immediate, serious allergic reaction to Xopenex, with symptoms such as hives, rash, mouth and throat swelling, and bronchospasm (constricted airways and difficulty breathing). If this happens, or you experience bronchospasm alone, stop using Xopenex and call your doctor immediately.

If your asthma symptoms get worse despite Xopenex, call your doctor. He may need to add an anti-inflammatory steroid drug such as prednisone or beclomethasone to your treatment regimen.

Use Xopenex with caution if you have a heart condition, an irregular heartbeat, or high blood pressure. Call your doctor immediately if you notice any change in heartbeat, pulse, or blood pressure. Caution is also advised if you suffer from seizures, an overactive thyroid gland, or diabetes.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Xopenex

Xopenex should be used cautiously, if at all, with other bronchodilators.

If Xopenex is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Xopenex with the following:

Antidepressant drugs classified as MAO inhibitors or tricyclics
Beta blockers (heart and blood pressure drugs)
Digoxin
Diuretics (water pills) that lower your potassium levels

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

The effects of Xopenex during pregnancy have not been adequately studied. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, inform your doctor immediately. It is not known whether Xopenex appears in breast milk, but it’s considered wise to either give up breastfeeding or discontinue the drug.

Recommended dosage for Xopenex

ADULTS

For adults and children 12 and older, the usual starting dose is 0.63 milligrams 3 times a day by nebulizer, every 6 to 8 hours. Your doctor will increase the dose to 1.25 milligrams 3 times a day if you have severe asthma or the lower dose fails to provide relief.

CHILDREN

For children 6 through 11 years old, the usual dosage is 0.31 milligrams 3 times a day by nebulizer. A dosage of more than 0.63 milligrams 3 times daily is not recommended.

Overdosage

Any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose of Xopenex, seek medical attention immediately.

• Symptoms of Xopenex overdose may include:
  Chest pain, dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, flu symptoms, headache, high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, insomnia, low blood pressure, nausea, nervousness, rapid heartbeat, tremors, seizures

Generic name: Ketoconazole
Brand names: Xolegel

Why is Xolegel prescribed?

Xolegel is a topical gel used to treat a skin infection known as seborrheic dermatitis.

Most important fact about Xolegel

Stay away from fire, open flames, and smoking, both during and immediately after applying Xolegel.

How should you take Xolegel?

After applying Xolegel to the affected areas, wash your hands thoroughly.

• Storage instructions…
  Store at room temperature.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Xolegel.

• Side effects may include:
  Burning, discharge from infected skin, dryness, irritation, itchiness, pain, redness/inflammation

Why should Xolegel not be prescribed?

Do not use Xolegel if you are allergic to any of its ingredients.

Special warnings about Xolegel

Avoid bringing Xolegel in contact with your eyes, nose, or mouth. Always wash your hands after you have applied the medication.

Tell your doctor about all prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medications you are taking before beginning treatment with Xolegel. Also, talk to your doctor about your complete medical history.

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

The effects of Xolegel during pregnancy and breastfeeding are unknown. Talk with your doctor before taking Xolegel if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.

Recommended dosage for Xolegel

ADULTS AND CHILDREN 12 YEARS AND OLDER

Xolegel should be applied to the affected areas once a day, for 2 weeks.

Overdosage

Any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

Generic name: Rifaximin
Brand names: Xifaxan

Why is Xifaxan prescribed?

Xifaxan is an antibiotic prescribed to treat traveler’s diarrhea, a bacterial infection in the intestines caused by Escherichia coli (also called E. coli). Traveler’s diarrhea is the result of eating contaminated food or drinking untreated water, usually in foreign countries. Xifaxan is not prescribed for diarrhea that occurs with a fever or bloody stools, or when the diarrhea is not due to E. coli.

Most important fact about Xifaxan

Like all antibiotics, Xifaxan could cause a severe inflammation of the colon (known as pseudomembranous colitis). It results from bacterial overgrowth in the colon and ranges in severity from mild to life-threatening. Contact your doctor right away if you develop any of the following:

• Abdominal cramps
• Watery diarrhea
• Frequent bowel movements
• Low-grade fever
• Bloody stools

How should you take Xifaxan?

Xifaxan can be taken with food or on an empty stomach. It is best to take it at evenly spaced intervals throughout the day to keep a constant supply in the bloodstream.

• If you miss a dose…
  Take the forgotten dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and return to your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once.

• Storage instructions…
  Store at room temperature.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, tell your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe to continue using Xifaxan.

• Side effects may include:
  Abdominal pain, constipation, fever or high body temperature, gas, headache, nausea, painful or urgent bowel movements, vomiting

Why should Xifaxan not be prescribed?

Do not take Xifaxan if you are allergic to it or if you have ever had an allergic reaction to other rifamycin antibiotics, such as rifabutin, rifampin, and rifapentine.

Special warnings about Xifaxan

Xifaxan is only useful in cases of diarrhea that are caused by E. coli. If your symptoms get worse, if you develop new symptoms such as a fever or bloody diarrhea, or if you do not get better within 1 to 2 days, call your doctor right away. You will probably need to stop taking Xifaxan and start a different treatment.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Xifaxan

At this time, there are no documented drug interactions with Xifaxan. However, you should always tell the doctor about any medicines you take, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal products.

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

Xifaxan has not been studied in pregnant women and should only be used if the benefits outweigh the potential risks.

It is not known whether Xifaxan appears in human breast milk. If Xifaxan is essential to your health, the doctor may advise you to stop nursing until your treatment is finished.

Recommended dosage for Xifaxan

ADULTS AND CHILDREN 12 YEARS AND OLDER

The usual recommended dose is one 200-milligram tablet taken 3 times a day for 3 days.

Xifaxan has not been studied in children less than 12 years old.

Overdosage

While there is no specific overdose information about Xifaxan, any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

Generic name: Bromfenac
Brand names: Xibrom

Why is Xibrom prescribed?

Xibrom is an eye solution used to treat the inflammation and pain that occur after cataract surgery.

Most important fact about Xibrom

Xibrom, like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), may increase the amount of time needed for the eye to heal. It also may increase ocular bleeding (bleeding in the eye).

How should you take Xibrom?

Squeeze one drop of Xibrom solution into the affected eye twice daily.

• Storage instructions…
  Store at room temperature.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Xibrom.

• Side effects may include:
  Headache, irritation, itchiness, pain, redness of the eye

Why should Xibrom not be prescribed?

Do not use Xibrom if you are allergic to any of its ingredients.

Special warnings about Xibrom

Avoid using Xibrom while wearing contact lenses.

Tell your doctor about all prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medications you are taking before beginning treatment with Xibrom. Also, talk to your doctor about your complete medical history, especially if you have had other problems with your eyes, including if it has resulted in surgery.

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

The effects of Xibrom during pregnancy and breastfeeding are unknown. Talk with your doctor before taking Xibrom if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.

Recommended dosage for Xibrom

ADULTS

One drop of Xibrom should be put into the affected eye 2 times per day, beginning 24 hours after surgery. Treatment with Xibrom should continue for 2 weeks after surgery.

Overdosage

Any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

Generic name: Orlistat
Brand names: Xenical

Why is Xenical prescribed?

Xenical blocks absorption of dietary fat into the bloodstream, thereby reducing the number of calories you get from a meal. At the usual dosage level, it cuts fat absorption by almost one-third. Combined with a low-calorie diet, it is used to promote weight loss and discourage the return of unwanted pounds.

The drug is prescribed for obese individuals and for overweight people who have other health problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol levels. Your weight status is determined by your body mass index (BMI), a comparison of height to weight.

Most important fact about Xenical

Along with dietary fat, Xenical decreases the absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins and beta-carotene. To compensate, it is strongly recommended that you take a multivitamin containing vitamins A, E, D, K, and beta-carotene once a day, at least 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking Xenical.

How should you take Xenical?

Take a capsule of Xenical during, or up to 1 hour after, each main meal. You should follow a nutritionally balanced, low-calorie diet that provides no more than 30 percent of its calories from fat. If you miss a meal, or the meal contains no fat, you can skip the accompanying dose of Xenical.

• If you miss a dose…
  Resume taking Xenical at the next meal. Don’t try to make up the loss with a double dose. The extra drug won’t help.

• Storage instructions…
  Store at room temperature, in a tightly sealed container.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects of Xenical are more common during the first year of treatment. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Xenical.

• Side effects may include:
  Abdominal discomfort or pain, anxiety, arthritis, back pain, diarrhea, dizziness, earache, fatigue, fatty or oily stools, fecal urgency or incontinence, flu, gas with fecal discharge, gum problems, headache, increased defecation, menstrual problems, muscle pain, nausea, oily discharge, rectal discomfort or pain, respiratory tract infections, skin rash, sleep problems, tooth problems, urinary tract infections, vaginal inflammation, vomiting

Side effects that usually occur after the first year of treatment with Xenical include: depression, leg pain, swollen feet, and tendonitis.

Why should Xenical not be prescribed?

Do not take Xenical if you suffer from chronic malabsorption syndrome—a condition that prevents nutrients from passing from your stomach into your bloodstream—or from cholestasis, a blockage in the supply of bile needed for digestion. You’ll also need to avoid Xenical if it gives you an allergic reaction.

Special warnings about Xenical

Weight loss begins within 2 weeks and continues for 6 to 12 months. The effect of using Xenical for more than 2 years is still unknown.

Side effects such as diarrhea and abdominal pain may be worse if you continue eating a high fat diet or even take a high-fat meal. Limit your fat intake.

Your doctor will test your thyroid function before starting you on Xenical to make sure that your weight problem is not due to an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). Xenical is not an appropriate remedy for this problem.

Xenical increases the likelihood of kidney stones. Use it with caution if you have a history of this problem.

If you have diabetes, weight-loss is likely to reduce your blood sugar levels. If you’re taking an oral diabetes medication or insulin, your dose may have to be reduced.

Note that the safety and efficacy of Xenical in children younger than 12 years old have not been established.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Xenical

If Xenical is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Xenical with the following:

Cyclosporine
Warfarin

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

The effects of Xenical during pregnancy have not been adequately studied and the drug is not recommended for pregnant women. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, inform your doctor immediately.

It is not known whether Xenical appears in breast milk. Do not take it while breastfeeding.

Recommended dosage for Xenical

ADULTS AND CHILDREN 12 YEARS AND OLDER

The recommended dose is one 120-milligram capsule 3 times daily with each main meal containing fat.

Overdosage

The results of a massive overdose of Xenical are unknown, although the drug seems relatively harmless. However, any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention.

Generic name: Alprazolam
Brand names: Xanax XR, Xanax

Why is Xanax XR prescribed?

Xanax is a tranquilizer used in the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety or the treatment of anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorder is marked by unrealistic worry or excessive fears and concerns. Anxiety associated with depression is also responsive to Xanax.

Xanax and the extended-release formulation, Xanax XR, are also used in the treatment of panic disorder, which appears as unexpected panic attacks and may be accompanied by a fear of open or public places called agoraphobia. Only your doctor can diagnose panic disorder and best advise you about treatment.

Some doctors prescribe Xanax to treat alcohol withdrawal, fear of open spaces and strangers, depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and premenstrual syndrome.

Most important fact about Xanax XR

Tolerance and dependence can occur with the use of Xanax. You may experience withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop using the drug or reduce the dosage too quickly. Withdrawal symptoms are listed under “What side effects may occur?” The drug dosage should be gradually reduced and only your doctor should advise you on how to discontinue or change your dose.

How should you take Xanax XR?

Xanax may be taken with or without food. Take it exactly as prescribed. Do not chew, crush, or break the Xanax XR tablets.

• If you miss a dose…
  If you are less than 1 hour late, take it as soon as you remember. Otherwise skip the dose and go back to your regular schedule. Never take 2 doses at the same time.

• Storage instructions…
  Store Xanax at room temperature.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Xanax. Your doctor should periodically reassess the need for Xanax XR.

Side effects of Xanax are usually seen at the beginning of treatment and disappear with continued medication. However, if dosage is increased, side effects will be more likely.

• Side effects of Xanax may include:
  Decreased libido, drowsiness, fatigue, impaired coordination, memory impairment, speech difficulties, weight changes

• Side effects of Xanax XR may include:
  Constipation, decreased libido, depression, drowsiness, fatigue, impaired coordination, memory problems, mental impairment, nausea, sedation, sleepiness, speech difficulties, weight changes

• Side effects due to a rapid decrease in dose or abrupt withdrawal from Xanax or Xanax XR:
  Anxiety, blurred vision, decreased concentration, decreased mental clarity, depression, diarrhea, headache, heightened awareness of noise or bright lights, hot flushes, impaired sense of smell, insomnia, loss of appetite, loss of reality, muscle cramps, nervousness, rapid breathing, seizures, tingling sensation, tremor, twitching, weight loss

Why should Xanax XR not be prescribed?

If you are sensitive to or have ever had an allergic reaction to Xanax or other tranquilizers, you should not take Xanax XR. Also avoid Xanax while taking the antifungal drugs. Make sure that your doctor is aware of any drug reactions that you have experienced.

Do not take Xanax XR if you have been diagnosed with the eye condition called narrow-angle glaucoma.

Anxiety or tension related to everyday stress usually does not require treatment with Xanax. Discuss your symptoms thoroughly with your doctor.

Special warnings about Xanax XR

Xanax may cause you to become drowsy or less alert; therefore, driving or operating dangerous machinery or participating in any hazardous activity that requires full mental alertness is not recommended.

If you are being treated for panic disorder, you may need to take a higher dose of Xanax than for anxiety alone. High doses—more than 4 milligrams a day—of Xanax XR taken for long intervals may cause emotional and physical dependence. It is important that your doctor supervise you carefully when you are using Xanax XR.

As with all anti-anxiety medication, there is a small chance that Xanax could encourage suicidal thoughts or episodes of euphoria known as mania. If you notice any new or unusual symptoms after starting Xanax, call your doctor immediately.

Xanax should be used with caution in elderly or weak patients, and in those with lung disease, alcoholic liver disease, or any disorder that could hinder the elimination of the drug.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Xanax XR

Xanax may intensify the effect of alcohol. Do not drink alcohol while taking Xanax XR.

Never combine Xanax with itraconazole or ketoconazole. These drugs cause a buildup of Xanax in the body.

If Xanax is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is important to check with your doctor before combining Xanax with the following:

Amiodarone
Antihistamines
Carbamazepine
Certain antibiotics and erythromycin
Certain antidepressant drugs
Cimetidine
Cyclosporine
Digoxin
Diltiazem
Disulfiram
Ergotamine
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Grapefruit juice
Isoniazid
Major tranquilizers and chlorpromazine
Nefazodone
Nicardipine
Nifedipine
Oral contraceptives
Other central nervous system depressants
Paroxetine
Propoxyphene
Sertraline

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

Do not take Xanax XR if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. There is an increased risk of respiratory problems and muscular weakness in your baby. Infants may also experience withdrawal symptoms. Xanax may appear in breast milk and could affect a nursing infant. If Xanax XR is essential to your health, your doctor may advise you to stop breastfeeding until your treatment with Xanax XR is finished.

Recommended dosage for Xanax XR

ADULTS

Anxiety disorder

The usual starting dose of Xanax is 0.25 to 0.5 milligram taken 3 times a day. The dose may be increased every 3 to 4 days to a maximum daily dose of 4 milligrams, divided into smaller doses.

Panic disorder

The usual starting dose of regular Xanax is 0.5 milligram 3 times a day. This dose can be increased by 1 milligram a day every 3 or 4 days. You may be given a dose from 1 up to a total of 10 milligrams, according to your needs. The typical dose is 5 to 6 milligrams a day.

If you’re taking Xanax XR, the usual starting dose is 0.5 to 1 milligram once a day taken in the morning. Depending on your response, the dose may be gradually increased by no more than 1 milligram every 3 or 4 days. The usual effective dose is 3 to 6 milligrams a day. Some people may need a larger dose to relieve their symptoms. Others, including older adults and those with liver disease or other serious illnesses, may need to use lower doses.

CHILDREN

Safety and effectiveness have not been established in children under 18 years of age.

OLDER ADULTS

The usual starting dose for an anxiety disorder is 0.25 milligram, 2 or 3 times daily. The starting dose of Xanax XR is 0.5 milligrams once a day. This dose may be gradually increased if needed and tolerated.

PATIENTS SWITCHING FROM XANAX TO XANAX XR

If you’re taking divided doses of Xanax, the doctor will switch you to a once-daily dose of Xanax XR that equals the current amount you’re taking. If your symptoms return after switching, the dose can be increased as needed.

Overdosage

An overdose of Xanax, alone or after combining it with alcohol, can be fatal. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

• Symptoms of Xanax overdose may include:
  Confusion, coma, impaired coordination, sleepiness, slowed reaction time

Generic name: Alprazolam
Brand names: Xanax XR, Xanax

Why is Xanax prescribed?

Xanax is a tranquilizer used in the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety or the treatment of anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorder is marked by unrealistic worry or excessive fears and concerns. Anxiety associated with depression is also responsive to Xanax.

Xanax and the extended-release formulation, Xanax XR, are also used in the treatment of panic disorder, which appears as unexpected panic attacks and may be accompanied by a fear of open or public places called agoraphobia. Only your doctor can diagnose panic disorder and best advise you about treatment.

Some doctors prescribe Xanax to treat alcohol withdrawal, fear of open spaces and strangers, depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and premenstrual syndrome.

Most important fact about Xanax

Tolerance and dependence can occur with the use of Xanax. You may experience withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop using the drug or reduce the dosage too quickly. Withdrawal symptoms are listed under “What side effects may occur?” The drug dosage should be gradually reduced and only your doctor should advise you on how to discontinue or change your dose.

How should you take Xanax?

Xanax may be taken with or without food. Take it exactly as prescribed. Do not chew, crush, or break the Xanax XR tablets.

• If you miss a dose…
  If you are less than 1 hour late, take it as soon as you remember. Otherwise skip the dose and go back to your regular schedule. Never take 2 doses at the same time.

• Storage instructions…
  Store Xanax at room temperature.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Xanax. Your doctor should periodically reassess the need for Xanax.

Side effects of Xanax are usually seen at the beginning of treatment and disappear with continued medication. However, if dosage is increased, side effects will be more likely.

• Side effects of Xanax may include:
  Decreased libido, drowsiness, fatigue, impaired coordination, memory impairment, speech difficulties, weight changes

• Side effects of Xanax XR may include:
  Constipation, decreased libido, depression, drowsiness, fatigue, impaired coordination, memory problems, mental impairment, nausea, sedation, sleepiness, speech difficulties, weight changes

• Side effects due to a rapid decrease in dose or abrupt withdrawal from Xanax or Xanax XR:
  Anxiety, blurred vision, decreased concentration, decreased mental clarity, depression, diarrhea, headache, heightened awareness of noise or bright lights, hot flushes, impaired sense of smell, insomnia, loss of appetite, loss of reality, muscle cramps, nervousness, rapid breathing, seizures, tingling sensation, tremor, twitching, weight loss

Why should Xanax not be prescribed?

If you are sensitive to or have ever had an allergic reaction to Xanax or other tranquilizers, you should not take Xanax. Also avoid Xanax while taking the antifungal drugs. Make sure that your doctor is aware of any drug reactions that you have experienced.

Do not take Xanax if you have been diagnosed with the eye condition called narrow-angle glaucoma.

Anxiety or tension related to everyday stress usually does not require treatment with Xanax. Discuss your symptoms thoroughly with your doctor.

Special warnings about Xanax

Xanax may cause you to become drowsy or less alert; therefore, driving or operating dangerous machinery or participating in any hazardous activity that requires full mental alertness is not recommended.

If you are being treated for panic disorder, you may need to take a higher dose of Xanax than for anxiety alone. High doses—more than 4 milligrams a day—of Xanax taken for long intervals may cause emotional and physical dependence. It is important that your doctor supervise you carefully when you are using Xanax.

As with all anti-anxiety medication, there is a small chance that Xanax could encourage suicidal thoughts or episodes of euphoria known as mania. If you notice any new or unusual symptoms after starting Xanax, call your doctor immediately.

Xanax should be used with caution in elderly or weak patients, and in those with lung disease, alcoholic liver disease, or any disorder that could hinder the elimination of the drug.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Xanax

Xanax may intensify the effect of alcohol. Do not drink alcohol while taking Xanax.

Never combine Xanax with itraconazole or ketoconazole. These drugs cause a buildup of Xanax in the body.

If Xanax is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is important to check with your doctor before combining Xanax with the following:

Amiodarone
Antihistamines
Carbamazepine
Certain antibiotics and erythromycin
Certain antidepressant drugs
Cimetidine
Cyclosporine
Digoxin
Diltiazem
Disulfiram
Ergotamine
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Grapefruit juice
Isoniazid
Major tranquilizers and chlorpromazine
Nefazodone
Nicardipine
Nifedipine
Oral contraceptives
Other central nervous system depressants
Paroxetine
Propoxyphene
Sertraline

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

Do not take Xanax if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. There is an increased risk of respiratory problems and muscular weakness in your baby. Infants may also experience withdrawal symptoms. Xanax may appear in breast milk and could affect a nursing infant. If Xanax is essential to your health, your doctor may advise you to stop breastfeeding until your treatment with Xanax is finished.

Recommended dosage for Xanax

ADULTS

Anxiety disorder

The usual starting dose of Xanax is 0.25 to 0.5 milligram taken 3 times a day. The dose may be increased every 3 to 4 days to a maximum daily dose of 4 milligrams, divided into smaller doses.

Panic disorder

The usual starting dose of regular Xanax is 0.5 milligram 3 times a day. This dose can be increased by 1 milligram a day every 3 or 4 days. You may be given a dose from 1 up to a total of 10 milligrams, according to your needs. The typical dose is 5 to 6 milligrams a day.

If you’re taking Xanax XR, the usual starting dose is 0.5 to 1 milligram once a day taken in the morning. Depending on your response, the dose may be gradually increased by no more than 1 milligram every 3 or 4 days. The usual effective dose is 3 to 6 milligrams a day. Some people may need a larger dose to relieve their symptoms. Others, including older adults and those with liver disease or other serious illnesses, may need to use lower doses.

CHILDREN

Safety and effectiveness have not been established in children under 18 years of age.

OLDER ADULTS

The usual starting dose for an anxiety disorder is 0.25 milligram, 2 or 3 times daily. The starting dose of Xanax XR is 0.5 milligrams once a day. This dose may be gradually increased if needed and tolerated.

PATIENTS SWITCHING FROM XANAX TO XANAX XR

If you’re taking divided doses of Xanax, the doctor will switch you to a once-daily dose of Xanax XR that equals the current amount you’re taking. If your symptoms return after switching, the dose can be increased as needed.

Overdosage

An overdose of Xanax, alone or after combining it with alcohol, can be fatal. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

• Symptoms of Xanax overdose may include:
  Confusion, coma, impaired coordination, sleepiness, slowed reaction time