Generic Name: troleandomycin (troe lee an doe MYE sin)
Brand Names: Tao

What is troleandomycin?

Troleandomycin is in a class of drugs called macrolide antibiotics. It fights bacteria in the body.

Troleandomycin is used to treat many different types of bacterial infections, such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, and pneumonia.

Troleandomycin may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about troleandomycin?

Take all of the troleandomycin that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may start to improve before the infection is completely treated.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking troleandomycin?

Before taking troleandomycin, tell your doctor if you have liver disease. You may not be able to take troleandomycin, or you may require special monitoring during therapy.

It is not known whether troleandomycin will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is also not known whether troleandomycin passes into breast milk. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take troleandomycin?

Take troleandomycin exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Take each dose with a full glass (8 ounces) of water. Take all of the troleandomycin that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may start to improve before the infection is completely treated. Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

See also: Troleandomycin dosage in more detail

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next regularly scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one as directed. Do not take a double dose of this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention.

Symptoms of a troleandomycin overdose might include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort.

What should I avoid while taking troleandomycin?

Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight. Troleandomycin may increase the sensitivity of your skin to sunlight. Use a sunscreen and wear protective clothing when exposure to the sun is unavoidable.

Troleandomycin side effects

If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking troleandomycin and seek emergency medical attention:

• an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives); or

• liver problems (yellowing of the skin or eyes, nausea, abdominal pain or discomfort, unusual bleeding or bruising, severe fatigue).

Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take troleandomycin and talk to your doctor if you experience

• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain;

• dizziness, fatigue, or headache; or

• vaginal yeast infection.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

Troleandomycin Dosing Information

Usual Adult Dose for Pneumonia:

250 to 500 mg orally 4 times a day.

Usual Adult Dose for Streptococcal Infection:

250 to 500 mg orally 4 times a day.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Pneumonia:

The safety and efficacy of troleandomycin in children < 1 year have not been established.

>= 1 year: 125 to 250 mg every 6 hours.

When used in streptococcal infections, therapy should be continued for 10 days.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Streptococcal Infection:

The safety and efficacy of troleandomycin in children < 1 year have not been established.

>= 1 year: 125 to 250 mg every 6 hours.

When used in streptococcal infections, therapy should be continued for 10 days.

What other drugs will affect troleandomycin?

Before taking troleandomycin, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following drugs:

• a seizure medication such as carbamazepine (Tegretol), phenytoin (Dilantin), or valproic acid (Depakote, Depakene);

• the asthma medication theophylline (Theo-Dur, Theolair, Theochron, others);

• the anticoagulant (blood thinner) warfarin (Coumadin); or

• another antibiotic.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with troleandomycin. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including herbal products.

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist has additional information about troleandomycin written for health professionals that you may read.

What does my medication look like?

Troleandomycin is available with a prescription under the brand name Tao. Other brand or generic formulations may also be available. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about this medication, especially if it is new to you.

• Tao 250 mg–white capsules

• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2006 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 4.03. Revision Date: 2/13/04 4:02:14 PM.

Generic Name: tromethamine (troe METH a meen)
Brand Names: Tham

What is tromethamine?

Tromethamine affects the balance of water and electrolytes in the body.

Tromethamine is used to treat metabolic acidosis (an electrolyte imbalance). Metabolic acidosis can have many causes. It often occurs after heart bypass surgery or cardiac arrest.

Tromethamine may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about tromethamine?

You should not receive this medication if you have uremia (urea circulating in your blood), or if you are unable to urinate (such as due to kidney failure).

Before receiving tromethamine, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have asthma, kidney disease, or congestive heart failure.

Tell your caregivers right away if you have any swelling or rapid weight gain, shortness of breath, weak or shallow breathing, swelling or skin changes where the medicine was injected, fast heart rate, or feeling like you might pass out.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before receiving tromethamine?

You should not receive this medication if you have uremia (urea circulating in your blood) or if you are unable to urinate (such as due to kidney failure).

If possible, before you receive tromethamine, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:

• kidney disease;

• congestive heart failure; or

• asthma or other breathing problems.

If you have any of these conditions, you may not be able to receive tromethamine, or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.

FDA pregnancy category C. This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether tromethamine passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not receive this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

In an emergency situation, it may not be possible before you are treated with tromethamine to tell your caregivers about any health conditions you have or if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. However, make sure any doctor caring for your pregnancy or your baby knows that you have received this medication.

How is tromethamine given?

Tromethamine is given as an injection under the skin or into a muscle. You will receive this injection in a clinic or hospital setting. The medicine must be given slowly through an IV infusion.

Tromethamine is often given for only a short period of time, such as one day. The length of time you receive treatment will depend on how your body responds to the medication.

To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your blood and heart function will need to be checked throughout your treatment.

After treatment with tromethamine, you will be closely watched and tested to make sure the medication has been effective and you no longer have any effects of metabolic acidosis.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since tromethamine is usually given as needed in a hospital setting, it is not likely that you will miss a dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have received too much of this medicine.

Overdose symptoms may include fast heart rate, rapid weight gain, trouble breathing; confusion, sweating, or seizure (convulsions).

What should I avoid after receiving tromethamine?

Follow your doctor’s instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity after your treatment with tromethamine.

Tromethamine side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Tell your caregivers at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

• swelling, rapid weight gain, feeling short of breath;

• weak or shallow breathing;

• pain, swelling, or skin changes where the medicine was injected;

• fast heart rate; or

• feeling like you might pass out.

Less serious side effects may include:

• hunger, weakness;

• confusion, irritability;

• drowsiness, dizziness, tremors;

• headache, weakness; or

• increased sweating.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect tromethamine?

Before receiving tromethamine, tell your doctor if you have recently used any type of medication that can slow your breathing, such as a narcotic pain reliever.

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with tromethamine. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

Where can I get more information?

• Your doctor or pharmacist can provide more information about tromethamine.

• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2006 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 1.03. Revision Date: 4/12/2009 4:37:30 PM.

Generic Name: pramoxine (topical) (pra MOX een)
Brand Names: Blistex Pro Relief, Caladryl Clear, Fleet Pain Relief Pad, Gold Bond Anti-Itch, Itch-X, PrameGel, Prax, Proctofoam, Tronolane

What is Tronolane (pramoxine (topical))?

Pramoxine is a topical (applied to the skin) anesthetic. It works by interfering with pain signals sent from the nerves to the brain.

Pramoxine topical is used to treat pain or itching caused by insect bites, minor burns or scrapes, hemorrhoids, and minor skin rash, dryness, or itching. Pramoxine topical is also used to treat chapped lips, and pain or skin irritation caused by coming into contact with poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac.

Pramoxine topical may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Tronolane (pramoxine (topical))?

Use this medication as directed on the label, or as your doctor has prescribed. Do not use the medication in larger amounts or for longer than recommended.

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Less serious side effects are more likely, and you may have none at all. Talk to your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effects.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before using Tronolane (pramoxine (topical))?

Do not use this medication if you are allergic to pramoxine.

Before using pramoxine topical, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs or any other anesthetics or “numbing medicines.”

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether pramoxine topical is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether pramoxine topical passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I use Tronolane (pramoxine (topical))?

Use this medication exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended.

Pramoxine is usually applied to the affected area 3 to 5 times daily, depending on which form of this medication you use. Follow the label directions or your doctor’s instructions about how much medication to use and how often.

Pramoxine hemorrhoid cream, lotion, foam, or medicated wipe may be used on the rectum after each bowel movement to treat hemorrhoid pain and itching.

Wash your hands before and after applying pramoxine topical. Wash the affected skin area with warm water and a mild soap. Rinse and dry the area thoroughly.

To use pramoxine on the skin, (spray, lotion, gel, or stick), apply just enough of the medication to cover the area to be treated.

To use the pramoxine medicated wipe to treat the hemorrhoid area, apply the medication by patting the wipe onto the rectal area. Avoid harsh rubbing. You may fold the wipe and leave it in place for up to 15 minutes. Each pramoxine medicated wipe is for one use only. Throw the wipe away after using.

Shake the pramoxine rectal foam before each use. Squirt only a small amount of the medicine onto a clean tissue and apply it to your rectum. Do not insert this medication or the medicated wipe into your rectum. Use pramoxine topical only on the outside of the area.

Stop using pramoxine and call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 7 day of treatment, or if your condition clears up and then comes back.

Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since pramoxine topical is used as needed, it is not likely that you will be on a dosing schedule. Using extra pramoxine to make up a missed dose will not make the medication more effective.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine, or if anyone has accidentally swallowed it.

An overdose of pramoxine applied to the skin or rectum is unlikely to occur.

What should I avoid while using Tronolane (pramoxine (topical))?

Avoid getting this medication in your eyes or your nose. If it does get into these areas, rinse with water right away. Do not use pramoxine topical on deep skin wounds, blistered skin, severe burns, or large skin areas. Seek medical attention for more severe skin irritation or injury.

Tronolane (pramoxine (topical)) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

• any new redness or swelling where the medicine was applied; or

• severe pain, burning, or stinging where the medicine is applied.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Tronolane (pramoxine (topical))?

Avoid applying other skin medications on the same treatment area with pramoxine, unless your doctor has told you to.

It is not likely that other drugs you take orally or inject will have an effect on topically applied pramoxine. But many drugs can interact with each other. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about pramoxine topical.

• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2006 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 1.05. Revision Date: 11/19/2009 10:02:56 AM.

Generic Name: spectinomycin (speck TIH no my sin)
Brand Names: Trobicin

What is Trobicin (spectinomycin)?

Spectinomycin is an antibiotic. It fights bacteria in the body.

Spectinomycin is used in the treatment of gonorrhea.

Spectinomycin may also be used for purposes other than those listed here.

What is the most important information I should know about Trobicin (spectinomycin)?

Do not take spectinomycin without first talking to your doctor if you have had an allergic reaction to it in the past.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before taking Trobicin (spectinomycin)?

Do not take spectinomycin without first talking to your doctor if you have had an allergic reaction to it in the past.

Before taking spectinomycin, talk to your doctor if you have liver or kidney disease or other serious medical problems. You may not be able to use spectinomycin, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment.

Spectinomycin is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use spectinomycin without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether spectinomycin passes into breast milk. Do not take spectinomycin without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take Trobicin (spectinomycin)?

Spectinomycin will be administered as an injection by a healthcare provider.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since spectinomycin is usually administered as a single injection, missing dose is not likely to occur.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if an overdose of spectinomycin is suspected.

Symptoms of a spectinomycin overdose are not known.

What should I avoid while taking Trobicin (spectinomycin)?

There are no restrictions on food, beverages, or activities during treatment with spectinomycin unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

Trobicin (spectinomycin) side effects

If you experience a rare but serious allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat; swelling of the lips, tongue, or face; or hives), stop taking spectinomycin and seek emergency medical attention.

Other less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to use spectinomycin and talk to your doctor if you experience:

• nausea;

• dizziness;

• soreness at the injection site; or

• fever.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect Trobicin (spectinomycin)?

Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking spectinomycin if you are taking any other prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist has additional information about spectinomycin written for health professionals that you may read.

What does my medication look like?

Spectinomycin is available with a prescription under then brand name Trobicin. Other brand or generic formulations may also be available. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about this medication, especially if it is new to you.

• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medicine only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2006 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 2.01. Revision Date: 1/11/06 10:28:41 AM.

Generic Name: benzocaine topical (BENZ oh kane TOP ik al)
Brand Names: Americaine, Americaine Anesthetic Lubricant, Americaine Hemorrhoidal, Anacaine, Anbesol Baby, Anbesol Cold Sore, Anbesol Gel, Anbesol Liquid, Anbesol Liquid Cool Mint, Anbesol Maximum Strength, Babee Teething Lotion, Benz-O-Sthetic, Benzo-O-Stetic, Boil Ease Pain Relieving, Cepacol Dual Relief Sore Throat Cherry, Cepacol Dual Relief Sore Throat Mint, Cepacol Extra Strength, Cepacol Extra Strength Cherry, Cepacol Extra Strength Cherry Sugar Free, Cepacol Extra Strength Citrus, Cepacol Extra Strength Honey Lemon, Cepacol Extra Strength Menthol, Cepacol Extra Strength Menthol Sugar Free, Cepacol Fizzlers, Dent-O-Kain, Dermoplast, Dermoplast Antibacterial, Detane, Foille Plus, Hurricaine, Hurricaine Kit, Hurricaine Snap-n-Go, Lanacane, Lanacane Maximum Strength, Lanacane with Aloe, Maintain, Medicone Maximum Strength, Num-Zit, Numzident, Orabase Baby Teething Gel, Orabase Gel-B, Orabase Lip Healer, Orabase with Benzocaine, Orajel, Orajel Baby, Orajel Baby Nighttime, Orajel D, Orajel Denture, Orajel Denture Plus, Orajel Maximum Strength, Orajel Maximum Strength PM, Orajel Mouth Sore Medicine, Orajel Mouth-Aid, Orajel Severe Pain Formula, Oral Pain Relief, OraMagic Plus, Outgro Pain Relief, Retre-Gel, Rid-A-Pain, Skeeter Stik, Solarcaine Aerosol, Sting-Kill, Topex, Trocaine, Vagisil Feminine Cream, zilactin-B

What is Trocaine (benzocaine topical)?

Benzocaine is a local anesthetic (numbing medication). It works by blocking nerve signals in your body.

Benzocaine topical is used to reduce pain or discomfort caused by minor skin irritations, sore throat, sunburn, teething pain, vaginal or rectal irritation, ingrown toenails, hemorrhoids, and many other sources of minor pain on a surface of the body. Benzocaine is also used to numb the skin or surfaces inside the mouth, nose, throat, vagina, or rectum to lessen the pain of inserting a medical instrument such as a tube or speculum.

Benzocaine topical may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Trocaine (benzocaine topical)?

There are many brands and forms of benzocaine topical available and not all brands are listed on this leaflet.

An overdose of numbing medications can cause fatal side effects if too much of the medicine is absorbed through your skin and into your blood. This is more likely to occur when using a numbing medicine without the advice of a medical doctor (such as during a cosmetic procedure like laser hair removal). Overdose symptoms may include uneven heartbeats, seizure (convulsions), coma, slowed breathing, or respiratory failure (breathing stops). Your body may absorb more of this medication if you use too much, if you apply it over large skin areas, or if you apply heat, bandages, or plastic wrap to treated skin areas. Skin that is cut or irritated may also absorb more topical medication than healthy skin.

Use the smallest amount of this medication needed to numb the skin or relieve pain. Do not use large amounts of benzocaine topical, or cover treated skin areas with a bandage or plastic wrap without medical advice. Be aware that many cosmetic procedures are performed without a medical doctor present.

Do not use benzocaine topical if you have a blood cell disorder called methemoglobinemia.

Before using benzocaine topical, tell your doctor if you have any type of inherited enzyme deficiency, a breathing disorder such as asthma or emphysema, or if you smoke.

Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they get worse within the first 7 days of using benzocaine topical. Also call your doctor if your symptoms had cleared up but then came back.

If you are treating a sore throat, call your doctor if the pain is severe or lasts longer than 2 days, especially if you also develop a fever, headache, skin rash, swelling, nausea, vomiting, cough, or breathing problems.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before using Trocaine (benzocaine topical)?

An overdose of numbing medications can cause fatal side effects if too much of the medicine is absorbed through your skin and into your blood. This is more likely to occur when using a numbing medicine without the advice of a medical doctor (such as during a cosmetic procedure like laser hair removal). Overdose symptoms may include uneven heartbeats, seizure (convulsions), coma, slowed breathing, or respiratory failure (breathing stops). Do not use benzocaine topical if you have a blood cell disorder called methemoglobinemia.

If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use benzocaine topical:

• asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, or other breathing disorder;

• heart disease;

• a personal or family history of methemoglobinemia, or any genetic enzyme deficiency; or

• if you smoke.

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether benzocaine topical will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication.. It is not known whether benzocaine topical passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Do not use this medicine on a child younger than 1 year old.

How should I use Trocaine (benzocaine topical)?

Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

Your body may absorb more of this medication if you use too much, if you apply it over large skin areas, or if you apply heat, bandages, or plastic wrap to treated skin areas. Skin that is cut or irritated may also absorb more topical medication than healthy skin.

Use the smallest amount of medicine needed to numb the skin or relieve pain. Do not use large amounts of benzocaine topical, or cover treated skin areas with a bandage or plastic wrap without medical advice. Be aware that many cosmetic procedures are performed without a medical doctor present.

This medication comes with instructions for safe and effective application. Follow these directions carefully. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.

To treat minor skin conditions, apply a thin layer of benzocaine topical to the affected area up to 4 times per day. If using the spray, hold the container 6 to 12 inches away from the skin. Do not spray this medication onto your face. Spray it instead on your hands and then rub it onto the face, avoiding contact with your eyes.

To treat hemorrhoids, clean the area with soap and water before applying benzocaine topical. Apply the medication up to 6 times per day. If you are using the rectal suppository, try to empty your bowel and bladder before inserting the suppository. Remove the outer wrapper from the suppository before inserting it. Avoid handling the suppository too long or it will melt in your hands.

Do not use benzocaine topical to treat large skin areas or deep puncture wounds. Avoid using the medicine on skin that is raw or blistered, such as a severe burn or abrasion.

Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they get worse within the first 7 days of using benzocaine topical. Also call your doctor if your symptoms had cleared up but then came back.

If you are treating a sore throat, call your doctor if the pain is severe or lasts longer than 2 days, especially if you also develop a fever, headache, skin rash, swelling, nausea, vomiting, cough, or breathing problems.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not allow the liquid form of this medicine to freeze.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since benzocaine topical is used as needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are using the medication regularly, use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose of benzocaine topical applied to the skin can cause life-threatening side effects such as uneven heartbeats, seizure (convulsions), coma, slowed breathing, or respiratory failure (breathing stops).

What should I avoid while taking Trocaine (benzocaine topical)?

Benzocaine topical is for use only on the surface of your body, or just inside the vagina or rectum. Avoid getting this medication in your eyes. Avoid swallowing the gel, liquid, or ointment while applying it to your gums or the inside of your mouth. The throat spray or oral lozenge may be swallowed gradually during use.

Do not apply other medications to the same affected areas you treat with benzocaine topical, unless your doctor has told you otherwise.

Avoid eating within 1 hour after using benzocaine topical on your gums or inside your mouth.

Trocaine (benzocaine topical) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using benzocaine topical and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

• severe burning, stinging, or sensitivity where the medicine is applied;

• swelling, warmth, or redness;

• oozing, blistering, or any signs of infection; or

• headache, weakness, dizziness, breathing problems, fast heart rate, and gray or bluish colored skin (rare but serious side effects of benzocaine).

Less serious side effects may include:

• mild stinging, burning, or itching where the medicine is applied;

• skin tenderness or redness; or

• dry white flakes where the medicine was applied.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Trocaine (benzocaine topical)?

It is not likely that other drugs you take orally or inject will have an effect on topically applied benzocaine topical. But many drugs can interact with each other. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about benzocaine topical.

• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2006 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 2.01. Revision Date: 05/17/2010 3:24:38 PM.

Generic Name: troglitazone (oral) (troe glih TAH zone)
Brand Names: Rezulin

What is troglitazone?

Troglitazone has been withdrawn from the U.S. market.

Troglitazone is an antihyperglycemic agent. It helps your body respond better to insulin and it reduces the amount of sugar produced by your liver. It can help control blood sugar levels.

Troglitazone is used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II diabetes), along with diet and exercise, and insulin, a sulfonylurea, or metformin (Glucophage) if necessary.

Troglitazone may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about troglitazone?

Troglitazone has been withdrawn from the U.S. market.

In rare cases, troglitazone has caused severe liver damage resulting in death or liver transplant. Notify your doctor immediately if you develop nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, unusual fatigue, loss of appetite, yellow skin or eyes, itching, clay-colored stools, or dark urine. These symptoms may be early signs of liver damage.

Your doctor will need to monitor your liver function with blood tests before starting treatment with troglitazone, every month for the first year of treatment, and every 3 months (quarterly) thereafter.

Troglitazone usually does not cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). However, hypoglycemia may occur as a result of skipped meals, excessive exercise, or alcohol consumption. Know the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, which include headache, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, fast heartbeat, sweating, tremor, and nausea. Carry a piece of hard candy or glucose tablets with you to treat episodes of low blood sugar.

Avoid alcohol. It lowers blood sugar and may interfere with your diabetes treatment. Troglitazone may decrease the effects of some birth control pills. A higher dose of birth control pills, or another form of birth control, may be necessary while taking troglitazone to prevent pregnancy.

Who should not take troglitazone?

Do not take troglitazone without first talking to your doctor if you have liver disease. In rare cases, troglitazone has caused severe liver damage resulting in death or liver transplant.

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you

• have kidney disease;

• have heart failure;

• have thyroid disease;

• have type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes);

• have a serious infection, illness, or injury; or

• need surgery.

You may need a lower dose or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.

Treatment with troglitazone may cause resumption of fertility by allowing for the return of ovulation (production of eggs) in certain women with insulin resistance who were not ovulating before treatment with troglitazone. Therefore, pregnancy may occur and birth control may be a consideration.

Troglitazone is in the FDA pregnancy category B. This means that it is unlikely to harm an unborn baby. However, insulin is usually the drug of choice for controlling diabetes during pregnancy. Do not take troglitazone without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. It is not known whether troglitazone passes into breast milk. Do not take troglitazone without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take troglitazone?

Take troglitazone exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Take each dose with a full glass of water. Take troglitazone with a meal to help increase the amount of medicine your body absorbs.

Your doctor will need to monitor your liver function with blood tests before starting treatment with troglitazone, every month for the first year of treatment, and every 3 months (quarterly) thereafter.

In rare cases, troglitazone has caused severe liver damage resulting in death or liver transplant. Notify your doctor immediately if you develop nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, unusual fatigue, loss of appetite, yellow skin or eyes, itching, clay-colored stools, or dark urine. These symptoms may be early signs of liver damage.

Do not take more of this medication than is prescribed for you.

Store troglitazone at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

If you forget to take troglitazone at the usual meal, take it at the next meal that same day. If you completely forget to take it one day, skip the missed dose.Never take more than the usual amount of troglitazone in one day to make up for a missed dose. If you take more than the usual amount, call your doctor right away.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention.

Symptoms of a troglitazone overdose are not known but may include headache, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, and weakness.

What should I avoid while taking troglitazone?

Follow your diet, medication, and exercise routines very closely. Changing any of these factors can effect your blood sugar levels.

Avoid alcohol. It lowers blood sugar and may interfere with your diabetes treatment.

Tell your doctor and dentist that you are taking this medication before you undergo any surgery.

Do not take any over-the-counter cough, cold, allergy, pain, or weight-loss medications without first talking to your doctor.

Troglitazone side effects

Stop taking troglitazone and seek emergency medical attention if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives).

In rare cases, troglitazone has caused severe liver damage resulting in death or liver transplant. Notify your doctor immediately if you develop nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, unusual fatigue, loss of appetite, yellow skin or eyes, itching, clay-colored stools, or dark urine. These symptoms may be early signs of liver damage.

Although troglitazone does not usually cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), hypoglycemia may result from skipped meals, excessive exercise, or alcohol consumption. Know the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, which include headache, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, fast heartbeat, sweating, tremor, and nausea. Carry a piece of hard candy or glucose tablets with you to treat episodes of low blood sugar.

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

What other drugs will affect troglitazone?

Before taking troglitazone, tell your doctor if you are taking

• cholestyramine (Questran),

• terfenadine (Seldane, Seldane-D), or

• birth control pills.

You may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you are taking any of the medicines listed above.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with troglitazone or affect your condition. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines.

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist has additional information about troglitazone written for health professionals that you may read.

What does my medication look like?

Troglitazone has been withdrawn from the U.S. market.

• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2006 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 7.06. Revision Date: 2/22/07 2:56:47 PM.

Generic Name: abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (a BACK a veer, la MIV yoo deen, zye DOE vyoo deen)
Brand Names: Trizivir

What is abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (Trizivir)?

Abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (Trizivir) is an antiviral medication. It is in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) medicines called reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This medication helps keep the HIV virus from reproducing in the body.

This medication is used to treat HIV, which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This medication is not a cure for HIV or AIDS.

This medication may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. This medication should not be given to people who weigh less than 90 pounds.

What is the most important information I should know about abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (Trizivir)?

Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: fever; rash; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain; general tiredness, body aches; shortness of breath, cough, sore throat. Once you have had an allergic reaction to this medication, you must never use it again. Do not allow this medicine to run out completely before you get your prescription refilled. If you miss several doses, you could have a dangerous or even fatal allergic reaction when you start taking the medicine again. If you stop taking this medication for any reason, talk to your doctor before you start taking the medication again. Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking this medicine. Early signs of lactic acidosis generally get worse over time and this condition can be fatal. Get emergency medical help if you have even mild symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as: muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, slow or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (Trizivir)?

You should not take this medication if you have liver disease. Do not take this medicine if you have ever had an allergic reaction to Trizivir. Tell your doctor if you have had an allergic reaction to any medicine that contains abacavir, such as Epzicom or Ziagen. Once you have had an allergic reaction to abacavir, you must never use it again.

You may need a blood test before you start taking this medication for the first time, or if you are restarting the medication after stopping for reasons not related to an allergic reaction.

Some people have developed a life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis while taking this medicine. You may be more likely to develop lactic acidosis if you are overweight or have liver disease, or if you have taken certain HIV or AIDS medications for a long time. Talk with your doctor about your individual risk.

If you have any of these other conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use this medication:

• kidney disease;

• hepatitis B;

• high blood pressure or heart disease, or a risk factor for heart disease such as smoking, diabetes, or high cholesterol.

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether this medication is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are pregnant. HIV can be passed to the baby if the mother is not properly treated during pregnancy. Take all of your HIV medicines as directed to control your infection while you are pregnant. You should not breast-feed while you are using this medication. Women with HIV or AIDS should not breast-feed at all. Even if your baby is born without HIV, you may still pass the virus to the baby in your breast milk. This medication should not be used to treat HIV in adolescents weighing less than 90 pounds.

How should I take abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (Trizivir)?

Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the instructions on your prescription label.

You may take this medication with or without food.

HIV/AIDS is usually treated with a combination of different drugs. To best treat your condition, use all of your medications as directed by your doctor. Be sure to read the medication guide or patient instructions provided with each of your medications. Do not change your doses or medication schedule without advice from your doctor. Every person with HIV or AIDS should remain under the care of a doctor.

This medicine comes with a Medication Guide and a Warning Card that lists the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Read this information carefully and carry the Warning Card with you at all times so you will know what symptoms to watch for.

If you have hepatitis B you may develop liver symptoms after you stop taking this medication, even months after stopping. Your doctor may want to check your liver function at regular visits for several months after you stop taking Trizivir. Do not miss any scheduled appointments.

Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

See also: Trizivir dosage in more detail

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

Do not allow this medicine to run out completely before you get your prescription refilled. It is important that you not stop taking the medicine once you have started. If you miss several doses, you may have a dangerous or even fatal allergic reaction once you start taking the medicine again. If you stop taking Trizivir for any reason, talk to your doctor before you start taking the medication again.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, and confusion.

What should I avoid while taking abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (Trizivir)?

Avoid taking Trizivir with other medications that also contain abacavir, lamivudine, or zidovudine, such as Combivir, Epivir, Epzicom, or Ziagen. Avoid having unprotected sex or sharing needles, razors, or toothbrushes. Taking this medication will not prevent you from passing HIV to other people. Talk with your doctor about safe methods of preventing HIV transmission during sex. Sharing drug or medicine needles is never safe, even for a healthy person.

Abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (Trizivir) side effects

Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to abacavir:

• Group 1 – fever;

• Group 2 – rash;

• Group 3 – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain;

• Group 4 – general tiredness, body aches;

• Group 5 – shortness of breath, cough, sore throat.

Once you have had an allergic reaction to abacavir, you must never use it again. If you stop taking Trizivir for any reason, talk to your doctor before you start taking the medication again.

You may have other serious side effects that may not be signs of an allergic reaction. Continue using this medicine and call your doctor if you have any of these side effects:

• liver problems — stomach pain, low fever, lost appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);

• lactic acidosis – muscle pain or weakness, numb or cold feeling in your arms and legs, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea with vomiting, slow or uneven heart rate, dizziness, or feeling very weak or tired;

• fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms, pale skin; or

• white patches or sores inside your mouth or on your lips.

Less serious side effects may include:

• changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your arms, legs, face, neck, breasts, and trunk);

• sleep problems or strange dreams;

• headache, depression, anxiety; or

• mild diarrhea.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (Trizivir)?

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:

• methadone (Methadose, Dolophine);

• ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetron, Virazole);

• interferon (Rebetron, Roferon, Intron, Alferon, Infergen, Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron, Actimune);

• sulfa drugs such as Bactrim or Septra;

• doxorubicin (Adriamycin);

• ganciclovir (Cytovene); or

• these other HIV medicines – emtricitabine (Emtriva, Truvada), zalcitabine (Hivid), stavudine (Zerit), or zidovudine (Retrovir).

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with Trizivir. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (Trizivir).

• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2006 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 5.01. Revision Date: 08/19/2009 12:01:11 PM.

Generic Name: ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel (ETH in ill ess tra DYE ol and LEE vo nor JESS trel)
Brand Names: Alesse, Aviane, Enpresse, Lessina, Levlen, Levlite, Levora, Lutera, Lybrel, Nordette, Portia, Sronyx, Tri-Levlen, Triphasil-21, Triphasil-28, Trivora-28

What is Trivora-28 (ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel)?

Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel contains a combination of female hormones that prevent ovulation (the release of an egg from an ovary). This medication also causes changes in your cervical mucus and uterine lining, making it harder for sperm to reach the uterus and harder for a fertilized egg to attach to the uterus.

Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel are used as contraception to prevent pregnancy.

Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Trivora-28 (ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel)?

Do not use ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel if you are pregnant or if you recently had a baby. Do not use this medication if you have a history of stroke or blood clot, circulation problems (especially if caused by diabetes), a hormone-related cancer such as breast or uterine cancer, abnormal vaginal bleeding, liver disease or liver cancer, severe high blood pressure, migraine headaches, a heart valve disorder, or a history of jaundice caused by birth control pills. Taking hormones can increase your risk of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack, especially if you smoke and are older than 35.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Trivora-28 (ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel)?

This medication can cause birth defects. Do not use if you are pregnant. Tell your doctor right away if you become pregnant, or if you miss two menstrual periods in a row. If you have recently had a baby, wait at least 4 weeks before taking birth control pills (6 weeks if you are breast-feeding). Do not use this medication if you have:

• a history of a stroke or blood clot;

• circulation problems (especially if caused by diabetes);

• a hormone-related cancer such as breast or uterine cancer;

• abnormal vaginal bleeding;

• liver disease or liver cancer;

• severe high blood pressure;

• severe migraine headaches;

• a heart valve disorder; or

• a history of jaundice caused by birth control pills.

Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you have:

• high blood pressure, heart disease, congestive heart failure, angina (chest pain), or a history of heart attack;

• high cholesterol or if you are overweight;

• a history of depression;

• gallbladder disease;

• diabetes;

• seizures or epilepsy;

• a history of irregular menstrual cycles;

• a history of fibrocystic breast disease, lumps, nodules, or an abnormal mammogram;

• uterine fibroid tumors;

• varicose veins; or

• tuberculosis.

The hormones in birth control pills can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. This medication may also slow breast milk production. Do not use if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take Trivora-28 (ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel)?

Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. You will take your first pill on the first day of your period or on the first Sunday after your period begins (follow your doctor’s instructions).

You may need to use back-up birth control, such as condoms or a spermicide, when you first start using this medication. Follow your doctor’s instructions.

Some 28-day birth control packs contain seven “reminder” pills to keep you on your regular cycle. Your period will usually begin while you are using these reminder pills.

Breakthrough bleeding may occur, especially during the first 3 months. Tell your doctor if this bleeding continues or is very heavy.

Take one pill every day, no more than 24 hours apart. When the pills run out, start a new pack the next day. You may get pregnant if you do not use this medication regularly.

If you need to have any type of medical tests or surgery, or if you will be on bed rest, you may need to stop using this medication for a short time. Any doctor or surgeon who treats you should know that you are using birth control pills.

Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Missing a pill increases your risk of becoming pregnant.

If you miss one “active” pill, take two pills on the day that you remember. Then take one pill per day for the rest of the pack.

If you miss two “active” pills in a row in week one or two, take two pills per day for two days in a row. Then take one pill per day for the rest of the pack. Use back-up birth control for at least 7 days following the missed pills.

If you miss two “active” pills in a row in week three, or if you miss three pills in a row during any of the first 3 weeks, throw out the rest of the pack and start a new one the same day if you are a Day 1 starter. If you are a Sunday starter, keep taking a pill every day until Sunday. On Sunday, throw out the rest of the pack and start a new one that day.

If you miss three “active” pills in a row during any of the first 3 weeks, throw out the rest of the pack and start a new pack on the same day if you are a Day 1 starter. If you are a Sunday starter, keep taking a pill every day until Sunday. On Sunday, throw out the rest of the pack and start a new one that day.

If you miss two or more pills, you may not have a period during the month. If you miss a period for two months in a row, call your doctor because you might be pregnant.

If you miss any reminder pills, throw them away and keep taking one pill per day until the pack is empty. You do not need back-up birth control if you miss a reminder pill.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and vaginal bleeding.

What should I avoid while taking Trivora-28 (ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel)?

Do not smoke while using birth control pills, especially if you are older than 35. Smoking can increase your risk of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack caused by birth control pills.

Birth control pills will not protect you from sexually transmitted diseases–including HIV and AIDS. Using a condom is the only way to protect yourself from these diseases.

Trivora-28 (ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

• sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body;

• sudden headache, confusion, pain behind the eyes, problems with vision, speech, or balance;

• chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, general ill feeling;

• a change in the pattern or severity of migraine headaches;

• nausea, stomach pain, loss of appetite, dark urine, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);

• swelling in your hands, ankles, or feet; or

• symptoms of depression (sleep problems, weakness, mood changes).

Less serious side effects may include:

• mild nausea, vomiting, bloating, stomach cramps;

• breast pain, tenderness, or swelling;

• freckles or darkening of facial skin;

• increased hair growth, loss of scalp hair;

• changes in weight or appetite;

• problems with contact lenses;

• vaginal itching or discharge;

• changes in your menstrual periods, decreased sex drive; or

• headache, nervousness, dizziness, tired feeling.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Trivora-28 (ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel)?

Some drugs can make birth control pills less effective, which may result in pregnancy. Before using birth control pills, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:

• acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ascorbic acid (vitamin C);

• prednisolone (Orapred);

• theophylline (Respbid, Theo-Dur);

• cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune, Gengraf);

• St. John’s wort;

• an antibiotic;

• seizure medications;

• a barbiturate sedative such as secobarbital (Seconal), or phenobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton); or

• HIV or AIDS medications.

This list is not complete and there may be other drugs not listed that can affect birth control pills. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel.

• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2006 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 8.01. Revision Date: 11/03/2009 1:59:23 PM.

Generic Name: capsaicin topical (kap SAY sin TOP i kal)
Brand Names: Axsain, Capsicum Oleoresin, Capsin, Capzasin Back and Body, Capzasin-HP, Capzasin-P, Castiva Warming, Icy Hot PM, Icy Hot with Capsaicin, Menthac Arthritis Cream with Capsaicin, Salonpas Gel-Patch, Salonpas Pain Patch with Capsaicin, Sloan’s Liniment, Trixaicin, Trixaicin HP, Zostrix, Zostrix Sports, Zostrix-HP

What is Trixaicin (capsaicin topical)?

Capsaicin is the active ingredient in chili peppers that makes them hot. Capsaicin is used in medicated creams and lotions to relieve muscle or joint pain.

Capsaicin used on the body causes a sensation of heat that activates certain nerve cells. With regular use of capsaicin, this heating effect reduces the amount of substance P, a chemical that acts as a pain messenger in the body.

Capsaicin topical is used for temporary relief of muscle or joint pain caused by strains, sprains, arthritis, bruising, or backaches. Capsaicin topical is also used to treat nerve pain (neuralgia) in people who have had herpes zoster, or “shingles.”

Capsaicin topical may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Trixaicin (capsaicin topical)?

Do not use this medication if you are allergic to chili peppers, or if you have ever had an allergic reaction to capsaicin topical.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist about using capsaicin topical if you have any allergies or serious medical conditions. Do not use this medication on anyone younger than 18 years old without the advice of a doctor.

Capsaicin can cause a burning sensation, which is usually mild and should lessen over time with continued use. If the burning sensation causes significant discomfort, wash the treated skin area with soap and cool water. Stop using the medication and call your doctor if you have severe burning or redness where the medicine was applied.

Avoid getting capsaicin topical in your mouth or eyes or near your nose.

Do not apply to open wounds or irritated skin, and avoid getting the medicine on contact lenses, dentures, and other items that come into contact with sensitive areas of your body.

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine, or if anyone has accidentally swallowed it. Accidental swallowing of capsaicin can cause problems with swallowing or breathing.

It may take up to 2 weeks of using this medicine regularly before your symptoms improve. For best results, keep using the medication as directed.

Call your doctor if your pain does not improve after using this medication for 7 days, or if your symptoms get worse or get better and then come back in a few days.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using Trixaicin (capsaicin topical)?

Do not use this medication if you are allergic to chili peppers, or if you have ever had an allergic reaction to capsaicin topical.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist about using capsaicin topical if you have any allergies (especially to plants), or if you have a serious medical condition.

It is not known whether this medication is harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use capsaicin topical without telling your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether capsaicin topical passes into breast milk. Do not use capsaicin topical without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Do not use this medication on anyone younger than 18 years old without the advice of a doctor.

How should I use Trixaicin (capsaicin topical)?

Use this medication exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended.

Capsaicin can cause a burning sensation wherever it is applied. This sensation is usually mild and should gradually lessen over time with continued regular use of the medicine.

Do not apply capsaicin topical to open wounds, or to skin that is sunburned, windburned, dry, chapped, or otherwise irritated. Do not get this medication in your mouth or eyes, or near your nose where you might inhale it. If it does get into any of these areas, rinse thoroughly with water.

Also avoid getting this medication on contact lenses, dentures, and other items that come into contact with sensitive areas of your body.

To keep the medication from getting on your fingers when you apply it, you may use a rubber glove, finger cot, cotton ball, or clean tissue to apply the medicine.

Make sure your skin is clean and dry before you apply capsaicin topical.

When using capsaicin topical cream or lotion, apply a thin layer to the affected area and rub in gently until completely absorbed.

To use capsaicin topical liquid or stick, uncap the applicator and press it firmly on your skin to apply the medication. Massage gently onto the affected are until completely absorbed.

Capsaicin topical may be used up to 4 times daily or as directed on the medicine label.

To apply a capsaicin topical patch, remove the liner and apply the patch to your skin over the area of pain. Press the edges firmly into place. Remove the patch and apply a new patch 1 or 2 times daily if needed.

Wash your hands with soap and water immediately after applying capsaicin topical or handling the topical patch. If you have applied the medicine to your hands or fingers to treat pain in those areas, wait at least 30 minutes before washing your hands. Do not cover treated skin with a bandage or heating pad, which can increase the burning sensation. You may cover the skin with clothing.

Avoid taking a bath or shower within 1 hour before or after you apply capsaicin topical to your skin. Also avoid swimming or vigorous exercise. Warm water or perspiration can increase the burning sensation caused by capsaicin.

If the burning sensation caused by capsaicin is painful or causes significant discomfort, wash the treated skin area with soap and cool water.

It may take up to 2 weeks of using this medicine regularly before your symptoms improve. For best results, keep using the medication as directed. Pain relief should occur gradually as the substance P in your body is decreased in the nerve cells.

Call your doctor if your pain does not improve after using this medication for 7 days, or if your symptoms get worse or get better and then come back in a few days. Store capsaicin topical at room temperature away from moisture and heat, in a place where children and pets cannot get to it.

Capsaicin topical liquid is flammable. Do not use or store near fire or open flame.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, wait until then to use the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do not apply capsaicin more than 4 times in one day, or use extra medicine to make up a missed dose .

A missed dose of capsaicin topical will not cause harm but may make the medication less effective reducing substance P and relieving your pain.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine, or if anyone has accidentally swallowed it.

Accidental swallowing of capsaicin can cause severe burning in or around the mouth, watery eyes, runny nose, and trouble swallowing or breathing.

Applying too much capsaicin topical to the skin can cause severe burning or redness.

What should I avoid while using Trixaicin (capsaicin topical)?

Avoid inhaling the odor or dried residue of capsaicin topical. Inhaling capsaicin can cause coughing, sneezing, or watery eyes, and can irritate your throat or lungs.

Avoid touching your eyes, mouth, nose, genitals, or rectum until the medication has been washed off your hands. Also avoid handling food while the medication is still on your hands.

Avoid exposing treated skin to sunlight, sunlamps, tanning beds, or a hot tub. Capsaicin can cause a burning sensation that may be made worse by heat.

Do not use other medicated skin products, including muscle pain creams or lotions, on areas where you have applied capsaicin, unless your doctor has told you to.

Trixaicin (capsaicin topical) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using capsaicin topical and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

• severe burning or irritation where the medicine was applied;

• skin redness where the medicine was applied; or

• trouble breathing or swallowing (after accidental inhalation of capsaicin odor or dried residue).

Less serious side effects may include a mild burning sensation that can last for several hours or days, especially after your first use of capsaicin topical.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Trixaicin (capsaicin topical)?

It is not likely that other drugs you take orally or inject will have an effect on topically applied capsaicin topical. But many drugs can interact with each other. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about capsaicin topical.

• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2006 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 2.02. Revision Date: 4/12/2009 4:39:41 PM.

Generic Name: capsaicin topical (kap SAY sin TOP i kal)
Brand Names: Axsain, Capsicum Oleoresin, Capsin, Capzasin Back and Body, Capzasin-HP, Capzasin-P, Castiva Warming, Icy Hot PM, Icy Hot with Capsaicin, Menthac Arthritis Cream with Capsaicin, Salonpas Gel-Patch, Salonpas Pain Patch with Capsaicin, Sloan’s Liniment, Trixaicin, Trixaicin HP, Zostrix, Zostrix Sports, Zostrix-HP

What is Trixaicin HP (capsaicin topical)?

Capsaicin is the active ingredient in chili peppers that makes them hot. Capsaicin is used in medicated creams and lotions to relieve muscle or joint pain.

Capsaicin used on the body causes a sensation of heat that activates certain nerve cells. With regular use of capsaicin, this heating effect reduces the amount of substance P, a chemical that acts as a pain messenger in the body.

Capsaicin topical is used for temporary relief of muscle or joint pain caused by strains, sprains, arthritis, bruising, or backaches. Capsaicin topical is also used to treat nerve pain (neuralgia) in people who have had herpes zoster, or “shingles.”

Capsaicin topical may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Trixaicin HP (capsaicin topical)?

Do not use this medication if you are allergic to chili peppers, or if you have ever had an allergic reaction to capsaicin topical.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist about using capsaicin topical if you have any allergies or serious medical conditions. Do not use this medication on anyone younger than 18 years old without the advice of a doctor.

Capsaicin can cause a burning sensation, which is usually mild and should lessen over time with continued use. If the burning sensation causes significant discomfort, wash the treated skin area with soap and cool water. Stop using the medication and call your doctor if you have severe burning or redness where the medicine was applied.

Avoid getting capsaicin topical in your mouth or eyes or near your nose.

Do not apply to open wounds or irritated skin, and avoid getting the medicine on contact lenses, dentures, and other items that come into contact with sensitive areas of your body.

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine, or if anyone has accidentally swallowed it. Accidental swallowing of capsaicin can cause problems with swallowing or breathing.

It may take up to 2 weeks of using this medicine regularly before your symptoms improve. For best results, keep using the medication as directed.

Call your doctor if your pain does not improve after using this medication for 7 days, or if your symptoms get worse or get better and then come back in a few days.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using Trixaicin HP (capsaicin topical)?

Do not use this medication if you are allergic to chili peppers, or if you have ever had an allergic reaction to capsaicin topical.

Ask a doctor or pharmacist about using capsaicin topical if you have any allergies (especially to plants), or if you have a serious medical condition.

It is not known whether this medication is harmful to an unborn baby. Do not use capsaicin topical without telling your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether capsaicin topical passes into breast milk. Do not use capsaicin topical without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Do not use this medication on anyone younger than 18 years old without the advice of a doctor.

How should I use Trixaicin HP (capsaicin topical)?

Use this medication exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended.

Capsaicin can cause a burning sensation wherever it is applied. This sensation is usually mild and should gradually lessen over time with continued regular use of the medicine.

Do not apply capsaicin topical to open wounds, or to skin that is sunburned, windburned, dry, chapped, or otherwise irritated. Do not get this medication in your mouth or eyes, or near your nose where you might inhale it. If it does get into any of these areas, rinse thoroughly with water.

Also avoid getting this medication on contact lenses, dentures, and other items that come into contact with sensitive areas of your body.

To keep the medication from getting on your fingers when you apply it, you may use a rubber glove, finger cot, cotton ball, or clean tissue to apply the medicine.

Make sure your skin is clean and dry before you apply capsaicin topical.

When using capsaicin topical cream or lotion, apply a thin layer to the affected area and rub in gently until completely absorbed.

To use capsaicin topical liquid or stick, uncap the applicator and press it firmly on your skin to apply the medication. Massage gently onto the affected are until completely absorbed.

Capsaicin topical may be used up to 4 times daily or as directed on the medicine label.

To apply a capsaicin topical patch, remove the liner and apply the patch to your skin over the area of pain. Press the edges firmly into place. Remove the patch and apply a new patch 1 or 2 times daily if needed.

Wash your hands with soap and water immediately after applying capsaicin topical or handling the topical patch. If you have applied the medicine to your hands or fingers to treat pain in those areas, wait at least 30 minutes before washing your hands. Do not cover treated skin with a bandage or heating pad, which can increase the burning sensation. You may cover the skin with clothing.

Avoid taking a bath or shower within 1 hour before or after you apply capsaicin topical to your skin. Also avoid swimming or vigorous exercise. Warm water or perspiration can increase the burning sensation caused by capsaicin.

If the burning sensation caused by capsaicin is painful or causes significant discomfort, wash the treated skin area with soap and cool water.

It may take up to 2 weeks of using this medicine regularly before your symptoms improve. For best results, keep using the medication as directed. Pain relief should occur gradually as the substance P in your body is decreased in the nerve cells.

Call your doctor if your pain does not improve after using this medication for 7 days, or if your symptoms get worse or get better and then come back in a few days. Store capsaicin topical at room temperature away from moisture and heat, in a place where children and pets cannot get to it.

Capsaicin topical liquid is flammable. Do not use or store near fire or open flame.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, wait until then to use the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do not apply capsaicin more than 4 times in one day, or use extra medicine to make up a missed dose .

A missed dose of capsaicin topical will not cause harm but may make the medication less effective reducing substance P and relieving your pain.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine, or if anyone has accidentally swallowed it.

Accidental swallowing of capsaicin can cause severe burning in or around the mouth, watery eyes, runny nose, and trouble swallowing or breathing.

Applying too much capsaicin topical to the skin can cause severe burning or redness.

What should I avoid while using Trixaicin HP (capsaicin topical)?

Avoid inhaling the odor or dried residue of capsaicin topical. Inhaling capsaicin can cause coughing, sneezing, or watery eyes, and can irritate your throat or lungs.

Avoid touching your eyes, mouth, nose, genitals, or rectum until the medication has been washed off your hands. Also avoid handling food while the medication is still on your hands.

Avoid exposing treated skin to sunlight, sunlamps, tanning beds, or a hot tub. Capsaicin can cause a burning sensation that may be made worse by heat.

Do not use other medicated skin products, including muscle pain creams or lotions, on areas where you have applied capsaicin, unless your doctor has told you to.

Trixaicin HP (capsaicin topical) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using capsaicin topical and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

• severe burning or irritation where the medicine was applied;

• skin redness where the medicine was applied; or

• trouble breathing or swallowing (after accidental inhalation of capsaicin odor or dried residue).

Less serious side effects may include a mild burning sensation that can last for several hours or days, especially after your first use of capsaicin topical.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Trixaicin HP (capsaicin topical)?

It is not likely that other drugs you take orally or inject will have an effect on topically applied capsaicin topical. But many drugs can interact with each other. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about capsaicin topical.

• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. (‘Multum’) is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum’s drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum’s drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

Copyright 1996-2006 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 2.02. Revision Date: 4/12/2009 4:39:41 PM.